Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
There are nine symptoms of MDD, of which five or more are required on a daily persistent basis, to make the diagnosis. These include:
- depressed mood (in children, this can be irritable mood)
- markedly diminished interest or pleasure in most activities
- weight loss or gain unrelated to efforts to gain or lose weight
- insomnia or hypersomnia
- physical agitation or lethargy
- fatigue or loss of energy
- feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
- diminished concentration and decisiveness
- recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or suicidal intent and planning.
In MDD these symptoms are quite debilitating and interfere with the individual’s ability to function in their work and personal lives.
Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)
This form of depression is diagnosed when the individual is experiencing depressed mood all day, every day for at least two years, and at least 2 of the following symptoms:
- Poor eating or overeating
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
- Low energy or fatigue
- Low self-esteem
- Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions
- Feelings of hopelessness
All therapists at OCCT are well-trained in treating Depressive Disorders. There is an abundance of research documenting the effectiveness of CBT in the treatment of depression. Antidepressant medication is often prescribed by physicians for the treatment of MDD and PDD, but research is clear that Cognitive Therapy yields more favourable, long-lasting results, with or without the addition of antidepressant medication.